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so over the years I've encountered a

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number of people who had a lot of new

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sorts of theories cosmological models

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physical models models that replace

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relativity like various sorts of

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interesting ideas and I'm not sure what

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to do with them if and they often they

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say that they're right and Einstein is

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wrong or something like that you know

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that that sort of category I started

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preparing this talk literally 40 years

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ago when I was an undergraduate and I

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was taking my initial physics classes

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and I remember learning about Newtonian

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physics and you in Newtonian physics we

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learned that force equals mass times

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acceleration so if you push something it

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moves we know that then I learned a

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completely different formulation for the

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same sort of thing and that is

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Hamilton's principle which is behind

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Lagrangian dynamics and that says that a

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system follows a path in which the

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difference between the kinetic energy

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and the potential energy is minimized

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it's called the principle of least

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action and both of these approaches give

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you exactly the same answer and so this

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was this was mind-blowing

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there's there's a way of looking at the

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universe where there's a principle and

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there's a way of looking at the universe

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where there's a process very interesting

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also other Newtonian laws or things that

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evolved from Newtonian laws can be

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matched with conservation laws so we've

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got the conservation of energy and the

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conservation of momentum again a

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principle conservation versus a process

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so the world seems to be divided so far

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into principle and process let's keep

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going in optics we learn Fermat's

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principle so Fermat's principle says

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that light takes the path of least time

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so if we're looking at a fish in a pond

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the path that the light takes makes a

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bend because light travels faster

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through air than through the higher

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index medium of the water and so we can

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tell the path that way but there's

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another way of looking at it and that's

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through Snell's law which tells us that

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at the shift of index of refraction

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there's going to be a bend and so on and

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so on and this is you can base this on

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phase matching conditions and so on so

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again there is sort of this principle

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and then there's a process let's see is

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there more before I do actually which

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one do you feel better with how many of

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you prefer looking at the general

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principle in order to understand

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something and how many of you prefer

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looking at the process examples to

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understand something okay we're almost

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evenly divided okay let's take a look at

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thermodynamics and I've got three

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examples from thermodynamics one

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involves how system evolves in time and

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we know from the second law of

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thermodynamics that the entropy must be

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maximized so system moves to a position

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where the number of options that that

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system has is maximized there's another

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way of looking at that and that is

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through the microscopic interactions if

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you put a bag into a hot water a tea bag

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that particles diffuse or it diffuse out

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and you can look through particle by

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particle what happens and eventually the

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tea gets distributed fully and the

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entropy is maximized principle process a

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second thermodynamics concept let's take

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a look at a system at rest so we know

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that if we have for example a reactant

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and a product that eventually they

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equalize they stabilize and so at that

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point you can say the system is at

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equilibrium

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what's constant the temperature the

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pressure the chemical a tallulah briam

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we can also look at this from a

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different point of view and that is an

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active process this was initially

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developed by Einstein among others and

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that says that each process is

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dynamically balanced by its

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verse in other words there's constant

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motion from the product to the reactant

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and back and forth both of these

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describe the same thing principle

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process third thermodynamics example

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heat from friction we know that if we

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rub one stick against another that the

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the kinetic energy that we've put into

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the sticks is going to eventually end up

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as heat energy and so there's a

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conservation of energy we can balance

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that by another view and that is looking

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at the microscopic interactions when you

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rub one stick against another one

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molecule causes another molecule to

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vibrate the vibrations produce heat and

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so on electro magnetics so we know that

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current produces a magnetic field

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Maxwell observed electromagnetic

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interactions for a long time and very

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carefully codified them into a long

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series of equations which were

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eventually reduced to Maxwell's four

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equations one of these is amperes law

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which I'm shown here and in particular

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I've boxed the equation that says the

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curl of the magnetic field B is equal to

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something that's related to the current

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so what this is saying is that if you

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pass current through a wire it produces

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a magnetic field and the picture shows

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that if you've got two wires in which

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you're passing current through them

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those magnetic fields interact and the

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wires can either attract or repel each

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other let's take a look at an other way

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of looking at this and that is

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electrostatics and special relativity so

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if you take a look at just a wire in the

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top picture here you can see that we've

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got electrons in the wire in the metal

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and they're balanced by the ionic cores

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which are the positive charges and so

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everything's neutral but we also know

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from special relativity that when things

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move they tend to contract that's

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Lorentz contraction or they appear to

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contract from a stationary observer and

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so if you look at this wire while the

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electrons are moving it appears that the

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elect that the electrons are in higher

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density because the the electrons and

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the

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that wire becomes not electrically

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neutral if you're looking at it the

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right way then if you have another wire

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that's adjacent to it that's also para

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passing a current those two wires will

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appear to each other to be non net non

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neutral and so there can either be

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repulsion or contraction due to special

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relativity this was a particularly

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interesting one for me and I went to a

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fellow in my department who's an electro

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magnetics theorist

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really a brilliant guy and I was talking

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to him about how you can derive a

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magnetism which is not one of the four

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basic forces how you can derive it from

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relativity and he was very puzzled and I

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said well where do you think magnetism

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comes from and he said for Maxwell's

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equations and I said but relativity

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explains it and he said no relativity

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comes from Maxwell's equations also I

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was flabbergasted but that really is

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another legitimate view so we have the

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principle view in the process view let's

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take a look again this one's a little

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more subtle and I'll go through it it's

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really for specialists but we know that

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semiconductors have electrons that it

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can exist at various levels they can

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exist in what's called a conduction band

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they can exist in a valence band and

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they cannot exist in the forbidden gap

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and silicon is an example of this all

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the electronics that we work on is based

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upon the fact that there's a forbidden

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gap in energy so where does that come

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from well as a student I learned that

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there's actually a periodic potential in

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a material and that so you can view the

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red dots as being the ionic cores and

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you can simplify that with the Green

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Line saying that there's sort of a step

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function periodic potential and so when

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the electron is traveling through the

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semiconductor it has a certain

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wavelength associated with it when that

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wavelength is such that it keeps on

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hitting these barrier walls the electron

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says I'm fed up I'm not going

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it reflects therefore that electron is

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encountering the forbidden gap if the

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electron has more energy shorter

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wavelength or less energy longer

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wavelength it doesn't in kit encounter

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this periodic potential in the same way

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and so from the periodic potential we

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can derive a band gap it's sort of a

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Fourier transform approach then I

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learned another thing in solid-state

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physics and this is a complicated

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diagram so bear with me let's just start

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on the right hand side so this shows

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energy and it's an atom and we know that

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an atom has electronic orbitals the red

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line the blue line the orange line and

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these orbital energies for the electron

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are discrete now take the atoms and

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start smashing them together as you

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squeeze them together they encounter the

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poly exclusion principle which says that

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you cannot have anything in exactly the

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same state at the same place at the same

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time so the electrons cannot all be in

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the same energy so what do they do they

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spread out and so the energies of the

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electrons spread out as you move the

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atoms closer and closer together the

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vertical dashed line shows the inter

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atomic spacing of the atoms in a solid

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and so at that spacing what do you end

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up with you end up with bands a gap and

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bands and so we end up with the same

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thing

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this was mind-blowing to me as a student

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two totally different ways of deriving

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semiconductor band structure now which

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one is process in which one is principle

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so let's step back a little bit and take

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a look so I just divided things into

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process in principle but it's really a

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principle can be a conservation concept

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process might be kinetics principle can

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be a purpose the purpose of least action

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the process might be the mechanism you

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push this it moves it might be what what

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happens versus how it happens principle

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tends to be more abstract process tensed

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a more concrete principle tends to be a

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global thing process tends to be local

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and so in looking at the semiconductor

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example the periodic potential is global

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the spreading of atomic orbitals is

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local and so therefore that's how I

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00:11:04,610 --> 00:11:03,000
would divide these two concepts then we

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00:11:05,900 --> 00:11:04,620
want to go a little bit farther and

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that's why I call this whole thing

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dualism so we know the philosophical

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concept of dualism which divides the

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world into mind and body or mind and

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matter and there's a real parallel here

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because I've got very little time I

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00:11:23,870 --> 00:11:21,810
won't go into that much but so in

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semiconductors draw a structure band

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structure we also have a principle in

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process so let's take a look at another

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one and this is the really tricky one

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microscopic interactions so we know that

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microscopic interactions are described

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by quantum mechanics quantum mechanics

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one of the operational equations for

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quantum mechanics is the Schrodinger

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equation here I show an example of the

274
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time dependent Schrodinger equation how

275
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does this work well let's say that we

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have here the the example that's always

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brought up the example of the double

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slits so you're sending electrons one at

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a time through double slits the electron

280
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goes through one slit or another slit

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you know the story it keeps on going and

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you would expect that if you're sending

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particles through slits you'd end up

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with just sort of a smear pattern on the

285
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target but you don't get a smear pattern

286
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instead you get a series of lines that

287
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says that the electrons these particles

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have wave-like characteristics which

289
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cause interference patterns from waves

290
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so we've got waves

291
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we've got particles very very disturbing

292
00:12:35,380 --> 00:12:32,820
but yet quantum mechanic mechanics tells

293
00:12:37,820 --> 00:12:35,390
us what happens it doesn't tell us why

294
00:12:39,170 --> 00:12:37,830
let's take a look at another example and

295
00:12:41,630 --> 00:12:39,180
there are many many let's take a look at

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black holes so we know that there's an

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event horizon in black holes and if

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anything encounters the event horizon

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impasse it'll apart particles

300
00:12:57,920 --> 00:12:55,120
radiation everything falls into the

301
00:13:01,050 --> 00:12:57,930
black hole never to come out again

302
00:13:02,879 --> 00:13:01,060
except for Hawking radiation

303
00:13:04,829 --> 00:13:02,889
so Hawking figured out that there is a

304
00:13:08,040 --> 00:13:04,839
way to radiate particles from a black

305
00:13:11,220 --> 00:13:08,050
hole and this has to do with pair

306
00:13:13,189 --> 00:13:11,230
creation so in the vacuum you're

307
00:13:15,629 --> 00:13:13,199
constantly creating

308
00:13:19,319 --> 00:13:15,639
particle-antiparticle pairs they're

309
00:13:22,530 --> 00:13:19,329
created and they recombine and if you

310
00:13:25,259 --> 00:13:22,540
have this pair of creation but occur

311
00:13:28,500 --> 00:13:25,269
near the event horizon and the

312
00:13:32,400 --> 00:13:28,510
antiparticle say a positron falls into

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the black hole and the the particle

314
00:13:37,519 --> 00:13:34,720
comes out of the black hole eventually

315
00:13:39,689 --> 00:13:37,529
the antiparticle will recombine with

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another particle inside the black hole

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and disappear and you've ended up with a

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00:13:46,740 --> 00:13:44,920
particle outside great so that works so

319
00:13:49,560 --> 00:13:46,750
you actually can radiate from a black

320
00:13:52,319 --> 00:13:49,570
hole in that way so when I heard about

321
00:13:54,870 --> 00:13:52,329
this I was really puzzled why doesn't

322
00:13:56,790 --> 00:13:54,880
the other process occur why don't you

323
00:13:59,430 --> 00:13:56,800
have the antiparticle falling into the

324
00:14:01,410 --> 00:13:59,440
black hole the particle coming out of

325
00:14:03,480 --> 00:14:01,420
the black hole sorry it's the opposite

326
00:14:04,500 --> 00:14:03,490
way why don't you have the particle

327
00:14:06,660 --> 00:14:04,510
falling into the black hole the

328
00:14:08,490 --> 00:14:06,670
antiparticle coming out in which case

329
00:14:10,110 --> 00:14:08,500
ultimately what you've done is you've

330
00:14:11,900 --> 00:14:10,120
just fed the black hole with more

331
00:14:13,680 --> 00:14:11,910
particles you haven't had radiation and

332
00:14:16,949 --> 00:14:13,690
statistically you'd think there'd be an

333
00:14:20,780 --> 00:14:16,959
equal number of anti particles going in

334
00:14:23,970 --> 00:14:20,790
and particles going in so I went to my

335
00:14:27,120 --> 00:14:23,980
uncle who's a well-known cosmologists

336
00:14:30,300 --> 00:14:27,130
and I said Uncle Warner why does it

337
00:14:35,040 --> 00:14:30,310
happen this way and he said well you see

338
00:14:38,970 --> 00:14:35,050
Garrett you cannot have an antiparticle

339
00:14:41,040 --> 00:14:38,980
hat in in free space has a negative

340
00:14:42,569 --> 00:14:41,050
total energy that commits the sum of the

341
00:14:46,050 --> 00:14:42,579
kinetic energy and the potential energy

342
00:14:48,809 --> 00:14:46,060
and you cannot have an antiparticle in

343
00:14:50,939 --> 00:14:48,819
free space and I said why not

344
00:14:52,949 --> 00:14:50,949
and he said well relativistic quantum

345
00:14:56,340 --> 00:14:52,959
mechanics says you cannot have an

346
00:14:58,110 --> 00:14:56,350
antiparticle in free space is that an

347
00:15:01,769 --> 00:14:58,120
answer well that's what that's what

348
00:15:04,150 --> 00:15:01,779
we're told and that is the answer and so

349
00:15:08,680 --> 00:15:04,160
again once again quantum mechanics

350
00:15:11,050 --> 00:15:08,690
what it doesn't tell us how so therefore

351
00:15:13,360 --> 00:15:11,060
if we want to make our principle versus

352
00:15:17,130 --> 00:15:13,370
process we have quantum mechanics as a

353
00:15:20,200 --> 00:15:17,140
principle what the devil is the process

354
00:15:22,270 --> 00:15:20,210
so there have been a number of theories

355
00:15:23,880 --> 00:15:22,280
that have been proposed one that I

356
00:15:26,070 --> 00:15:23,890
particularly like a stochastic

357
00:15:29,560 --> 00:15:26,080
electrodynamics and stochastic

358
00:15:32,560 --> 00:15:29,570
electrodynamics says that the world is

359
00:15:35,650 --> 00:15:32,570
actually classical with the addition of

360
00:15:37,750 --> 00:15:35,660
zero-point fields so zero point fields

361
00:15:41,110 --> 00:15:37,760
are all over the place and they cause a

362
00:15:43,990 --> 00:15:41,120
jiggling and that jiggling is what we

363
00:15:45,940 --> 00:15:44,000
interpret as quantum behavior and this

364
00:15:48,370 --> 00:15:45,950
was developed originally from some ideas

365
00:15:50,080 --> 00:15:48,380
of by Einstein it was developed over the

366
00:15:52,990 --> 00:15:50,090
years by Boyer and various other people

367
00:15:56,230 --> 00:15:53,000
just this last year de la pena a

368
00:15:58,900 --> 00:15:56,240
professor in Mexico published an amazing

369
00:16:01,000 --> 00:15:58,910
treatise called the emerging quantum and

370
00:16:03,610 --> 00:16:01,010
what he did is he used stochastic

371
00:16:05,590 --> 00:16:03,620
electro dynamic processes to derive

372
00:16:08,830 --> 00:16:05,600
quantum mechanics he derived the

373
00:16:11,110 --> 00:16:08,840
Schrodinger equation he derived a fully

374
00:16:18,700 --> 00:16:11,120
quantum mechanical explanation for

375
00:16:21,580 --> 00:16:18,710
things and this may be a process way of

376
00:16:24,180 --> 00:16:21,590
looking at what quantum mechanics gives

377
00:16:28,720 --> 00:16:24,190
us a principled way of looking at is

378
00:16:34,580 --> 00:16:28,730
stochastic electrodynamics right is

379
00:16:42,440 --> 00:16:36,530
I don't think that's an appropriate

380
00:16:44,570 --> 00:16:42,450
question so has the world come to the

381
00:16:46,130 --> 00:16:44,580
doorstep of Della Pena and Boyer and a

382
00:16:48,440 --> 00:16:46,140
number of other people before who move

383
00:16:50,180 --> 00:16:48,450
develop stochastic electrodynamics no of

384
00:16:51,740 --> 00:16:50,190
course not they've ignored it because

385
00:16:55,000 --> 00:16:51,750
quantum mechanics gives the right answer

386
00:16:58,460 --> 00:16:55,010
so why do you need to go anywhere else

387
00:17:00,830 --> 00:16:58,470
but yet something is missing here so if

388
00:17:04,190 --> 00:17:00,840
we go and we look now at the parallel

389
00:17:05,900 --> 00:17:04,200
theories we've got a series of parallel

390
00:17:09,080 --> 00:17:05,910
theories where there's principle and

391
00:17:15,230 --> 00:17:09,090
process two ways of looking at the same

392
00:17:18,080 --> 00:17:15,240
phenomena in each case and giving us the

393
00:17:20,240 --> 00:17:18,090
same answer the one outlier that I found

394
00:17:23,360 --> 00:17:20,250
ister is a quantum mechanics where there

395
00:17:25,010 --> 00:17:23,370
is no established process way of looking

396
00:17:27,950 --> 00:17:25,020
at it one thing that I found interesting

397
00:17:30,380 --> 00:17:27,960
in looking at this is that Einstein has

398
00:17:32,780 --> 00:17:30,390
his name behind three of these between

399
00:17:35,540 --> 00:17:32,790
detail balance special relativity and

400
00:17:39,170 --> 00:17:35,550
also stochastic electrodynamics to some

401
00:17:41,620 --> 00:17:39,180
extent so I think this tells us the way

402
00:17:45,740 --> 00:17:41,630
that Einstein liked to look at the world

403
00:17:49,150 --> 00:17:45,750
so now I ask you which suits you better

404
00:17:54,340 --> 00:17:49,160
do you prefer one way or the other I

405
00:17:57,170 --> 00:17:54,350
tend to be a process guy but I some of

406
00:18:00,380 --> 00:17:57,180
brilliant people I know are principled

407
00:18:01,550 --> 00:18:00,390
guys so let's let's see where do we get

408
00:18:05,720 --> 00:18:01,560
what do we get from this

409
00:18:09,170 --> 00:18:05,730
so most physical phenomena can be

410
00:18:11,240 --> 00:18:09,180
described by two different approaches

411
00:18:12,500 --> 00:18:11,250
one that I'm calling process one that

412
00:18:15,500 --> 00:18:12,510
I'm calling principle sort of a

413
00:18:18,800 --> 00:18:15,510
dualistic approach quantum mechanics

414
00:18:21,710 --> 00:18:18,810
lacks an accepted theory describing the

415
00:18:23,840 --> 00:18:21,720
process and from at least my way of

416
00:18:25,970 --> 00:18:23,850
understanding this is the problem with

417
00:18:29,750 --> 00:18:25,980
quantum mechanics this is what we need

418
00:18:32,450 --> 00:18:29,760
to balance what we understand in quantum

419
00:18:36,290 --> 00:18:32,460
mechanics then to answer the basic

420
00:18:37,940 --> 00:18:36,300
question of which is right which theory

421
00:18:39,920 --> 00:18:37,950
is right when someone comes up with a

422
00:18:41,990 --> 00:18:39,930
theory that explains what relativity

423
00:18:45,060 --> 00:18:42,000
explains and says no this shows that

424
00:18:49,980 --> 00:18:45,070
Einstein is wrong No

425
00:18:52,950 --> 00:18:49,990
nature just is how we describe it is up

426
00:18:55,470 --> 00:18:52,960
to us but we often make the mistake of

427
00:18:58,169 --> 00:18:55,480
thinking that our descriptions are a

428
00:19:02,370 --> 00:18:58,179
reality the descriptions are just a

429
00:19:05,340 --> 00:19:02,380
description and so my answer to many

430
00:19:17,240 --> 00:19:05,350
questions about one view versus another

431
00:19:31,799 --> 00:19:27,419
York I'd like to make a couple of quills

432
00:19:33,870 --> 00:19:31,809
or perhaps clarifications for for the

433
00:19:36,120 --> 00:19:33,880
the sake of the non physicists in the

434
00:19:37,980 --> 00:19:36,130
audience I'd like to point out that you

435
00:19:40,500 --> 00:19:37,990
are consistently referring to anti

436
00:19:43,380 --> 00:19:40,510
particles when what you really meant

437
00:19:45,419 --> 00:19:43,390
were negative energy virtual particles

438
00:19:47,970 --> 00:19:45,429
in terms of the conventional matter

439
00:19:50,010 --> 00:19:47,980
antimatter a black hole will produce as

440
00:19:54,000 --> 00:19:50,020
many electrons as positrons you can tell

441
00:19:58,620 --> 00:19:56,669
another small quibble is that I I think

442
00:20:00,570 --> 00:19:58,630
you've misrepresented Einsteins of

443
00:20:05,460 --> 00:20:00,580
legions yeah he originally derived

444
00:20:08,850 --> 00:20:05,470
relativity from Maxwell's equations in

445
00:20:11,760 --> 00:20:08,860
fact his first thought experiment in the

446
00:20:14,039 --> 00:20:11,770
area was his realization that if you

447
00:20:17,400 --> 00:20:14,049
could somehow move with a ray of light

448
00:20:19,740 --> 00:20:17,410
at the same speed you would see that

449
00:20:21,600 --> 00:20:19,750
it's fields were not obeying Maxwell's

450
00:20:23,370 --> 00:20:21,610
equations okay so I've got a quibble

451
00:20:25,890 --> 00:20:23,380
with you on that one

452
00:20:30,000 --> 00:20:25,900
the way that something historically

453
00:20:32,880 --> 00:20:30,010
evolved doesn't mean doesn't define the

454
00:20:35,700 --> 00:20:32,890
way that we have to look at it and so

455
00:20:37,470 --> 00:20:35,710
very often we start from some specific

456
00:20:45,419 --> 00:20:37,480
and get a general and later say the

457
00:20:51,140 --> 00:20:45,429
general gives us the specific I just

458
00:20:54,659 --> 00:20:51,150
like to quote quickly a little known

459
00:20:55,400 --> 00:20:54,669
Cambridge mathematician from many years

460
00:20:59,669 --> 00:20:55,410
ago

461
00:21:04,490 --> 00:20:59,679
Gee's Spencer Browne and he went a lot

462
00:21:09,240 --> 00:21:04,500
on the definitions of words so explain

463
00:21:14,100 --> 00:21:09,250
explain that is to lay out flat as on a

464
00:21:20,100 --> 00:21:14,110
map or a diagram and so miss the

465
00:21:29,549 --> 00:21:20,110
complexity of the reality or royalty of

466
00:21:32,190 --> 00:21:29,559
the wells as Cheers here it in regards

467
00:21:35,100 --> 00:21:32,200
to your quantum mechanical dismissal of

468
00:21:36,900 --> 00:21:35,110
the double slit experiment I would at

469
00:21:39,870 --> 00:21:36,910
least like to propose a little quibble

470
00:21:41,669 --> 00:21:39,880
as well and that is when you analyze the

471
00:21:44,250 --> 00:21:41,679
double slit with single particles going

472
00:21:46,680 --> 00:21:44,260
through the slits Paul Dirac another

473
00:21:49,590 --> 00:21:46,690
famous physicist of standard model a

474
00:21:51,360 --> 00:21:49,600
hero said of particle never interacts

475
00:21:54,180 --> 00:21:51,370
with another it always interacts with

476
00:21:57,060 --> 00:21:54,190
itself so if we look at the particle in

477
00:22:00,270 --> 00:21:57,070
terms of a wave packet extending past

478
00:22:02,039 --> 00:22:00,280
both slits then we kind of at least

479
00:22:04,320 --> 00:22:02,049
understand the interference that's

480
00:22:07,340 --> 00:22:04,330
occurring and of course the collapse of

481
00:22:09,650 --> 00:22:07,350
the wave packet onto a single dot

482
00:22:11,789 --> 00:22:09,660
looking like an interference pattern

483
00:22:14,490 --> 00:22:11,799
seems to make a little more sense that

484
00:22:17,669 --> 00:22:14,500
way just it's a con we don't disagree at

485
00:22:19,530 --> 00:22:17,679
all oh god I I agree with you fully and

486
00:22:21,810 --> 00:22:19,540
I'm not I don't want to deride quantum

487
00:22:23,460 --> 00:22:21,820
mechanics it works and various

488
00:22:25,919 --> 00:22:23,470
interpretations of quantum mechanics

489
00:22:28,380 --> 00:22:25,929
such as the one you described work I'm

490
00:22:30,180 --> 00:22:28,390
not saying they're wrong I just what I

491
00:22:31,860 --> 00:22:30,190
do want to say is that there's another

492
00:22:34,409 --> 00:22:31,870
way of looking at it you know and I love

493
00:22:36,440 --> 00:22:34,419
CD as well so conceptually I agree with

494
00:22:40,500 --> 00:22:36,450
you

495
00:22:42,960 --> 00:22:40,510
yes Garrett could it be that the

496
00:22:45,600 --> 00:22:42,970
difficulty in explaining of forming a

497
00:22:47,280 --> 00:22:45,610
process model is that we're trying to do

498
00:22:49,470 --> 00:22:47,290
it in black and white whereas quantum

499
00:22:51,750 --> 00:22:49,480
mechanics is really in color so to speak

500
00:22:55,590 --> 00:22:51,760
in other words we're trying to use a

501
00:22:56,909 --> 00:22:55,600
classical mind type approach to describe

502
00:22:59,520 --> 00:22:56,919
something that is fundamentally not

503
00:23:03,360 --> 00:22:59,530
classically it's quantum like quantum

504
00:23:06,659 --> 00:23:03,370
information so that's a deep question

505
00:23:08,340 --> 00:23:06,669
and I don't obviously I'm not the person

506
00:23:11,909 --> 00:23:08,350
who knows the answer I don't know if

507
00:23:14,640 --> 00:23:11,919
anybody does but I wonder whether we

508
00:23:19,210 --> 00:23:14,650
have sort of warped the way that we

509
00:23:21,850 --> 00:23:19,220
think about reality to conform to the

510
00:23:24,700 --> 00:23:21,860
open Hagen view or other views of

511
00:23:28,930 --> 00:23:24,710
quantum mechanics and so we've gone way

512
00:23:31,960 --> 00:23:28,940
out on a limb to try to understand

513
00:23:34,210 --> 00:23:31,970
something very very strange when in fact

514
00:23:37,899 --> 00:23:34,220
we don't need to do that we can

515
00:23:41,169 --> 00:23:37,909
understand it from a more simple process

516
00:23:44,289 --> 00:23:41,179
point of view that fits our intuition

517
00:23:48,780 --> 00:23:44,299
better I don't know but I wonder about